P30, 32, 34, 35,36,40

Corrections

P30

(a)(i)	What is the total rainfall collected for the period?  State your answer correct to 1 decimal place.                                                                                                                                                                                             [1]
	Total rainfall collected: 87.1 mm
(a)(ii)	Identify the instrument used to obtain the readings for rainfall in Table 1 and explain where the instrument should be placed in order to get accurate measurements of the daily rainfall.                                                                                                                                                                                   [3]
	Instrument = rain gauge (ignore spelling error of ‘guage’) Open grassy area / open field to reduce evaporation as it is cooler in the ground than on a concrete surface. Away from buildings and trees to prevent raindrops from buildings and trees from dripping into the rain gauge or fallen leaves and twigs from choking the funnel [3@1 mark] P32 Draw an arrow on Fig. 2 to show how the wind direction will be and explain the relationship between air pressure and wind speed. [3] -        ARROW DRAWN [1] -        Air moves from an area of high to low pressure = wind -        The higher the difference in air pressure, the higher the wind speed P34 (i) What are ‘monsoons’?                                                                                                                                                              [2] ·        Monsoons are large scale regional winds that are characterised by a seasonal reversal of wind direction. ·        Caused by the extreme heating and cooling of huge land masses in relation to the seas. This results in differences in air pressure between the land and the seas and thus the movement of large scale winds from high pressure to low pressure areas.    (ii) With reference to Fig. 1, describe and account for the distribution of the wettest and driest areas in Sri Lanka.               [6]                  Describe [Max 2m] Account for [Max 4m] ·        Wettest – central highland and southwestern part of SL; 2500 mm per annum ·        Receives rain from both onshore southwest monsoon and northeast monsoon ·        Experiences relief rain from both monsoons ·        Driest – northern, northeastern SL, southeastern SL; less than 1000mm per annum ·        Lowland of less than 200m above sea level. Winds are not forced up the mountains; cannot condense to form clouds; Less rain ·        On rain shadow side of the mountain during southwest monsoon and during northeast monsoon; the monsoon brings only light rain  P35 (i) With reference to Fig. 6, describe the main features of the tropical monsoon climate.                                                                                                         [4]                                                                                 Distinct wet and dry seasons. Annual rainfall of 1850mm. High and constant temperature throughout the year with temperature range of 10 degree Celsius. Mean annual temperature of 26.7 degree celsius. (ii)       Explain the main features described in (a)i.                                                             [4]                                                                                                                                During June to September, the southwest monsoon wind blows across the Ocean and picks up moisture; bringing heavy rainfall to this country. During October to February, the northeast monsoon wind blows across the cold land and is dry and cold, so this country does not receive much rainfall during this period. This country receives high and constant temperature throughout the year as it is located near the equator where the angle of incidence of the sun is high/vertical; thus the suns’ rays are concentrated and spread over a small area. Sun’s rays go through a thinner layer of atmosphere and less heat is lost so the temperature is higher.  P36 Explain why Delhi receives very light rainfall in Fig. 4.                                                  [4] -        Delhi receives light rainfall due to northeast monsoon (October – February) -        an area of high pressure forms overs Indian sub-continent and Central Asia while an area of low pressure forms over Australia -        due to differences in pressure between the northern and southern hemispheres, air moves from Central Asia down towards Indian sub-continent -        resulting in drier and colder winds that bring with it light rainfall as they blow across cold land to Delhi P40 Study the climatic data for a weather station in an Asian City shown below. Station 2m above sea level, Latitude 13oN Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temp oC 26 28 29 30 29 29 28 28 28 26 25 26 Rainfall Mm 8 20 36 58 198 160 160 175 305 206 66 5                                                                         Fig 8 ·       Tropical Monsoon Climate ·       High mean annual temperature of 27.7oC. ·       Have distinct wet and dry seasons. ·       From November to January, it is the cool and dry season which temperature is lower and little rain. ·       From February to April, it is the hot and dry season which temperature is slightly higher than the cool and dry season and there is little rain. ·       From May to September, it the hot and wet season which the temperature and rainfall is high due to the southwest monsoon.